Monday, May 8, 2017

Let's Build A Bridge!

It's better to be safe than sorry. It's something that's been instilled in us since childhood. From attending a frat party to walking back to your room after an evening course, it's important that you feel safe at your school. Several times I have been put into high-pressure situations where I was made extremely uncomfortable. Fortunately, they didn't end too badly. However, after having gone through these experiences, I realize that I should have taken action rather than just stand there. I should have protected myself as well as the friends around me. To shine a light on women's safety on campus, I will be doing a presentation on the topic at the next BSU meeting. During the presentation, I will provide the audience tips on how to react during times of crisis. It's important to remember these key points:
1. Be aware of what’s occurring around you.
2. Save the campus police’s number in your phone contacts.
3. Do not be afraid to call for help if you feel unsafe.
4. Safety apps are very useful.
5. Men are at risk of being violated too.
6. Do not be afraid to lend out a helping hand if you see someone in danger.
7. Call the campus shuttle if you do not feel safe walking home at night.
8. You are not alone.

Q&A

Interviewee Alondra Lopez (ally/roommate):
  1. What is the most common crime at San Jose State University?
Sexual Assault.
  1. What is the most violent crime at San Jose State University?
The hate crime that happened a few years ago.
  1. What is the emergency protocol for our school?
I guess it would be SJSU PD.
  1. What is the evacuation process like for dorms and classes?
You go to a designated spot on campus.
  1. Do you know the following numbers? Emergency hotline? Student Health Center?
No, not by heart.
  1. If so, are they saved in your phone?
Yes.
  1. Are you aware of any self defense classes offered at San Jose State University?
I think there’s one offered by SJSU PD but I’m not sure.
  1. Do you feel comfortable talking to your professors, peers, and near by residents about security?
Probably my peers but not teachers or residents.
  1. Does our campus feel safe to you?
Not at night.
  1. Where is the closest hospital, police, and fire station?
There’s a fire station off of Market street...not sure about the police or fire station though

Interviewee (Marquis Johnson - ally/friend):
  1. What is San Jose State University doing to keep its students safe?
Sending out SJSU alerts and updates. From what I've seen that's basically it.
  1. Are you aware of any policies used to protect students who are victimized?
No, I am not.
  1. Are you familiar with our campuses crime rate?
No, I am not.
  1. What about its sexual assault statistics?
No, not sure about those either.
  1. Are police usually present on campus?
Yeah, a few. Personally, I don't know if it's different since  I'm a black male but I usually just keep to myself and stay away from them.
  1. Does San Jose State University rely on SJSU PD, city police, or county police?
The city police I believe.
  1. Do you know who’s responsible for the investigation if a sexual assault occurs?
SJSU PD.
  1. Does San Jose State University provide students with programs that educate them on campus safety?
Not that I'm aware of. If there are any I wouldn't know where to find them. Maybe those booth’s that are set up around campus sometimes.
  1. Seeing as how you live off of campus how does our school work to ensure your safety?
Mainly sending out SJSU alerts. I don't feel like they're responsible for me since I don't live in the dorms.
  1. Are you aware of any of San Jose State University’s safe transportation policies or when they operate?
Yeah,  I know about the shuttle. I think they can drop you off within a mile radius.

Free Writing Process



Comm 100w has encouraged me to write more than any other class. That itself is a huge accomplishment. I'm not a comm major, so this class has helped me break out of my shell. I'm very prideful for that. The assignment that I'm most proud of would have to be The Facts. I received a perfect score, and the professor said that I should consider getting it published. I feel like my punctuation might still need some improvement but I am working on it. Suddenly, I'm starting to come down with a case of Writer’s Block. The thought of having to read this out loud has me in a sunken place as I'm not good under pressure. At the end of the day, I tried my best which is the primary objective. I know it's not much, but it's all that my mind has to offer at the moment.

Who Are You?




I am a woman of many talents. I am someone's daughter, sister, and friend. I take pride in all of my endeavors. My loved ones are proud. When I walk into a room, I turn heads. I wear my hair with pride. I allow my braids to hang low embroidered with beads and gems. They compliment my eyes whilst they glisten like ebony in the sun. My skin is sun-kissed. I use my feet to glide across the floors of silence. My unconsciousness has been awakened. I am a dreamer. My ambitions will never die. I am one with the universe. I am the person who will never stop fighting.

Friday, May 5, 2017

The N-Word



It could be argued that the “n-word” was once the worst word in the English language. Within the last few decades, however, it has become something different. Now some people use the “n-word” as a way to display friendship. It is synonymous with the slang term “homie.” The Black Community has taken a word with centuries full of baggage behind it and morphed it into something else. Although the term is used by other minorities as well, it affects black people the most. Seeing as how African Americans were enslaved, beaten, lynched, raped, pillaged, murdered, and tormented all while being called “nigger.”
In 2017 the term has taken on a double meaning. A lot of black people do not take offense to it when it ends with an “a.” Meanwhile, the "n-word" is taken offensively when it concludes with an “er.” Many believe that it all comes down to context and the way in which the word is being used. For non-black people, this type of logic may seem a bit confusing. It might not make sense to a person whose people have no history of the term being used against them. I am proud to be a descendent of the slaves, who played an essential role in building this country. Thus, I refuse to throw it around carelessly.
The n-word was used by racist whites as a way to degrade and lessen the values of blacks. At this point in history Willie Lynch, a slave owner from the Caribbean, wrote a letter stating that the word must be used religiously as a ploy to steer slaves. He stated that language leads to the heart of the people. If a foreigner is well-versed in the language he/she will have less of an issue moving through the various ranks of that particular society which is not what owners or overseers desired. Some African Americans may use the word as a way to reclaim their culture. This attempt to turn a negative into a positive is foolish and far from dominant or noble.  It displays worthlessness and inferiority.
Malcolm X spoke on this topic during his speech at the Basic Unity Program of the OAAU in 1965. This excerpt will educate you about the history behind the “n-word.” In the speech, he states, “ Persons who recognize the emotional thrust and plain show of disrespect in the Southerner's use of "nigra" and the general use of "nigger" must also realize that all three words are essentially the same. The other two: "nigra" and "nigger" are blunt and undeceptive. The one representing respectability, "negro," is merely the Same substance in a polished package and spelled with a capital letter. This refinement is added so that a degrading terminology can be legitimately used in general literature and "polite" conversation without embarrassment. The term "negro" developed from a word in the Spanish language which is actually an adjective (describing word) meaning "black," that is, the color black. In plain English, if someone said or was called a "black" or a "dark," even a young child would very naturally question. "A black what?" or "A dark what?" because adjectives do not name, they describe. Please take note that in order to make use of this mechanism, a word was transferred from another language and deceptively changed in function from an adjective to a noun, which is a naming word. Its application in the nominative (naming) sense was intentionally used to portray persons in a position of objects or "things." It stamps the article as being "all alike and all the same." It denote  a "darkie," a slave, a subhuman, an ex-slave, a "negro. Afro-Americans must reanalyze and particularly question our own use of this term, keeping in mind all the facts. In light of the historical meanings and current implications, all intelligent and informed Afro-Americans and Africans continue to reject its use in the noun form as well as a proper adjective. Its usage shall continue to be considered as unenlightened and objectionable or deliberately offensive whether in speech or writing. We accept the use of Afro-American, African, and Black man in reference to persons of African heritage. To every other part of mankind goes this measure of just respect. We do not desire more nor shall we accept less.” The Black Community is very prideful. The Civil Rights movement forefronted by the likes of Malcolm X and Martin Luther King Jr. have made this apparent. When faced with injustice, African Americans unite to overcome our unique circumstances. The Black Struggle should not be cheapened by self-denigration. We display a pessimistic attitude when we call one another the “n-word.” This type of behavior is a result of the psychological anguish our predecessors went through. One of which, we are still paying for today. Black American’s usage of the n- word amongst others displays a pessimistic demeanor. The psychological and physical abuse that our ancestors endured resulted in this type of behavior.
Black people in America should command respect. Other's opinions aren't the "end all be all" of what is or what is not “good behavior”. We were continuously discriminated against when we were “well-behaved”. In reality, it doesn't matter how you carry yourself it will not change the feelings of someone who does not like you based off of your skin tone. Others may see African-Americans using the n-word and use that as a means of validation. Nonetheless, It is unacceptable regardless of whose mouth that the word is coming out of at any given moment.

One instance in which I disagreed with someone’s use of the word was on YG’s song “My Nigga.” The song dominated airwaves peaking in the top 20 of the Billboard Hot 100 in 2014. The rapper describes his “nigga” as if he’s a loved one. Someone who is loyal and trustworthy. A person that he is willing to risk is life for. In other words, a “ride-or-die”. That is one of the real issues with our generation. People would probably refrain from using the n-word if they would educate themselves about its past. The media uses the n-word frequently. It has become socially acceptable for our youth to use it. So frequently, that our youth thinks that it is socially acceptable. In reality, those who use it are contributing to the destruction that has already taken place. Whites are not “allowed” to use it. Thus, they may not feel entitled to address the issue. Blacks feel as though they are the only ones allowed to use it. Meanwhile, other minorities are left without a clue. Ultimately, no one should be participating in this type of demolition.

Dear Washington Post...


Madison Gesiotto, a writer for The Washington Post, claims that the Black Lives Matter movement is causing a divide in America. She supports the All Lives Matter movement. According to her, it represents equality.  I, however, think otherwise. The Black Lives Matter movement did not initiate the divide that exists in this country. The division began the very moment that our forefathers stepped foot onto American soil. Based off of studies African Americans are not treated equally under the law. African Americans are twice as likely to be approached by law enforcement and passed through the prison system than White Americans.
In hindsight, The All Lives Matter movement contradicts the Black Lives Matter Movement. All lives can't matter if African American lives don't. Shootings that have occurred over these past few years, for example, Sandra Bland,  Alton Sterling, Trayvon Martin, etc. Demonstrate whose lives actually matter the most.  Black Lives Matter supporters want officers to be made responsible. Black Lives Matter does not equal anti- All Lives Matter or anti-Blue Lives Matter.  The movement shines a light on the black men and women who experience police brutality in daily living.
Many people think that Black Lives Matter creates exclusion. I have noticed that All lives Matter supporters feel this way the most. The counter movement of the Black Lives Matter movement is nothing short of negative. All Lives Matter downplays the cause. Suppressing a movement for the underrepresented is pointless. The operative question is what exactly has the All Lives Matter Movement done for non-black people who have experienced brutality at the hands of the police? I have not seen any protest or marches held in honor of those people. They only seem to want their voices to be heard when others are being vocal about the Black Lives Matter Movement. Now would be a very good time for All Lives Matter supporters to start using their voices to speak up for their claims.
People can continue to support the slogan. At the end of the day, it only solidifies my point about how black lives do not matter in the United States. `Many people might have the wrong idea about the movement and what it stands for. It not only focuses on the African American lives lost but also on the institutionalized racism ingrained in America’s judicial system. Which is something that blacks in this country have been dealing with since the abolishment of slavery and the beginning of The Black Codes.
For decades the police force and white vigilante groups have gotten away with the murders of innocent African Americans. The Black Lives Matter organization came to fruition because of these aforementioned events. No more than one percent of white cops face indictment when it comes to these types of shootings. Meanwhile, the outcome would be completely different for a Black person who committed the exact same crime. I highly doubt these causalities will come to an end. At this point, it all comes down to whether or not the officer who commits the crime will be charged.

Cotton is King: Slavery is the Light of the Political Economy


During the mid-eighteen hundreds, the phrase "Cotton is King" was frequently used. The slogan that conveyed our country's economic state the most was “Cotton is King: Slavery is the Light of the Political Economy.” The phrase gives Americans some insight on our history and environmental fairness. Cotton, as well as the African American slaves who planted it, were valuable commodities. From environmental radicalism to global change the slogan “Cotton is King Slavery is the Light of the Political Economy” makes sense some of the issues that America faces today.

The Deep South experienced a tremendous amount of soil erosion due to cotton planting. King Cotton was very profitable. Meanwhile, slaves were in such high demand that they were forced to suffer through horrific conditions inflicted upon them by their owners. Farmers could no longer thrive in the years to come because their land had become so damaged. A hydrology and soil professor at the University of Georgia, by the name of Aaron Joslin, stated that slave labor and cotton planting caused such an enormous amount of damage to Southern soil that it can still be seen today. Our country created a successful economy off of slavery, but it is easy to say that the abolition of slavery was somewhat of a phenomenon. New England’s Textile Industries, Great Britain's wealth, and the North's banking system were all the results of slavery. It always makes me wonder if it had been abolished for economic and environmental reasons rather than moral values.
The Reconstruction Era highlights cotton’s importances  just as much as the Antebellum Era. After slavery was abolished sharecropping became the driving force behind America. The initiation to stop forced labor was not a moral case. From an environmental standpoint, the damage was not worth the cost. We must remember the fact that slaves were able to contribute to the economy once they were released. Much like slavery sharecropping encouraged trade between the United States and Europe enabling expansion to occur throughout the Southwest and creating commercial success in New York.  Cotton was “King” primarily because it was America's leading export throughout the early 18th  and 19th centuries. “King Cotton”  is what ignited the Civil War. It was arguably the biggest deciding factor in 19th century America.  “King Cotton” ultimately caused the United States most tragic battle. Hence, the reason why it was nothing short of a surprise that the North joined the war to abolish slavery. Knowing the history behind the slogan “Cotton is King” allows us to appreciate the courage of abolitionists, both black and white alike. It enables us to realize the seriousness of their achievements as well as the roles that the U.S. and Great Britain played. “Cotton is King” generates irony because it sparked America's economic dominance while opposing morals behind abolitionism all in the same breath. The crop was the world's first large consumer product. Cotton was not just a phenomenon throughout the Deep South but globally as well. It was a luxurious commodity; the world's first.
The “Cash Crop” ultimately displaced farmers in the South. In Tallahassee for example,  as much as three fourths of land was lost by 1860. As a result, some landowners moved even further South. Instead of planting cotton they produced other “cash crops” such as tobacco, rice, sugar, and, indigo. Unfortunately, slaves were sent to the Deep South also. Slave owners in the Upper South did so as a source of investment. Blacks were expected to use their skills to help create plantation solutions for their masters. The economic world had been destroyed. According to Joslin  "The cotton growers did not obey the precept that we inherit the earth from our children, and they destroyed the soil to the point that their children could not use that land in any sort of productive way. So the evil then was much as the evil of corporations is today: Go for as much profit as you can right now and who cares about future generations.Additionally, the evil to me is that they were completely unconcerned with their place in the ecology of their home, elevating the importance of themselves while devaluing the soil and its ecological functions that they depended on. The androcentric nature of their worldview allowed their greed and self-importance to prevail while undermining their empathy and pursuit of balance and harmony with the world around them.” The well-being of African Americans was the least of white Southerner’s concerns seeing as how their livelihood depended on slave labor. It is easy to say that Southerners allowed their greed to cloud their rationalism. The conditions of the war gave Blacks the opportunity to take control of their own lives.  The Civil War tore apart the South’s infrastructure and white population.  The economy in the South was at the brunt of poverty and turmoil. In the generations to come the world watched it slowly reconstruct.
I find it hard to believe that the new world would have been able to develop without slavery. slave labor was stable and economically efficient.  The cotton economy was America's source of energy. It’s our country's oldest and most popular crop. On a grand scale, Global request were created because of cotton. It is only fair to categorize it as a United States fiber. Until social and economic issues tore it apart. Cotton was the fiber and slaves were the seeds. They worked as planters and farm hands to keep our country thriving for years to come. Millions of African-Americans were hauled down south to feed the cash crop. Innocent people were beaten down, and our land was ultimately demolished all as a means to feed America's greed. We have to ask ourselves if this type of exploitation was worth the hype. Millions of lives had been ruined, and our nation was ripped apart. Cotton and its planters were the engines behind our economic growth when all of that went away we were left in shambles. The phrase itself exemplifies that slavery was not abolished due to moral conviction but rather economic self-centeredness. When slavery was labeled as too much of an obstruction to economic progress, it was suppressed. However, when it was viewed as more of a hurdle to innovation, it was ok. I do not believe that the North waged war to put an end to prejudice. Whites in the Northern states were said to have perceived their society as accelerating. Cotton was the main staple all over the country. By the Civil Wars end, a lot of the nutrients that was once found in the South’s soil was gone. The land had been destroyed by the “cash crop” which was due to the lack of fertilization. Fertilizing fields was quite expensive. Thus, the amount cotton decreased drastically. From an environmental standpoint, slavery ended due to the exhausted soil.  
The slogan “Cotton is King: Slavery is the Light of the Political Economy” allows us to see different perspectives. The phrase leads us to the conclusion that cotton was very important to economic life. “King Cotton” was America's fuel. On the other hand, it also signifies that free whites had no issue with slave labor because it benefited them in the long run. The creation of sharecropping solidifies this argument.  With the destruction of Southern soil and the popularization of the cotton gin, slavery came to an end for social and economic reasons. After all, cheap agricultural labor was booming after the Emancipation Proclamation and well into the 20th century. Basic economics will show you that cotton farming would have kept slave labor alive for years to follow. Northern Banks essentially financed Southern Slavery. As a matter of fact, many financiers and banks in New York were rooting for the Confederacy  during the war. As northern states began emancipating, a number of slave owners sold their slaves to Southern planters rather than losing capital. If slavery wasn't illegal who's to say that blacks would not be in the field picking crops today. Even at this day and age, thousands of field hands  are abused in our country.
The saying “Cotton is King: Slavery is the Light of the Political Economy” basically defends slavery. it acknowledges the United State’s economic need for “King Cotton” and symbolizes that slavery was perceived to be ok. “Cotton is King” displays that at one point in time, Americans felt as though it was alright to treat blacks like cattle simply because it benefited the economy. Just as America is driven by salary slavery in third world countries today, the same was done on our very own soil for in the past. Cotton was “King” and America was its throne.